Regulation is essentially a mandatory contract, and regulatory arbitrage is an inevitable result from the inherent characteristics of the regulatory contract.

监管本质上是一种强制性契约，监管套利正是在监管契约自身内在特点的基础上产生的一种必然结果。

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As a result, the department has concluded that continuing with this contract presents too great a risk and we have terminated the Mandatory Work Activity contract with A4e for the South East.

BBC: Ministers end A4e contract for welfare-to-work scheme

In this case right-to-work, by preventing the mandatory dues, is restricting a voluntary contract, and it is more like the first Best Buy example.

FORBES: Does Right-to-Work Increase or Decrease Freedom?

Of course one can imagine a situation where the firm and a majority of workers do wish to form the union and would voluntarily negotiate a contract which makes dues a mandatory condition of employment.

FORBES: Does Right-to-Work Increase or Decrease Freedom?