Large numbers of permanent employees make it difficult for organizations to respond quickly to downturns in demand by decreasing payroll costs.

大量的固定雇员使得企业很难通过降低工资成本来迅速应对需求下降。

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Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

为满足免费向读者提供文献的需求，出版机构通过向作者收费来负担其准备论文的费用。

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They get caught in trees (hence the epithet "Witches' Knickers"), take hundreds of years to decompose and push up demand for oil, used to make plastics.

它们挂在枝头（由此而得“巫婆的灯笼裤”之名），需要数百年才能分解，它们助长石油需求，正是石油用于制造塑料。

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But which I think despite the fact that there may be points of contact between the spiritual aspects of making art and clearly religion, I think it's a rather unnecessary demand to make of a piece of art.

不过我认为，虽然,艺术创作的精神层面和宗教,很明显有一些共同之处，但并没有必要,对艺术作和宗教一样的要求。

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选

The sight and sound of spinning turbine blades on windy stretches of the Australian coast and on inland hills are becoming more common as legislators and consumer demand make renewable energy part of the mainstream.

CNN: story.codringtonwindfarm.jpg

The poor performance of the economy has prompted calls for an acceleration of government spending to help make up for the lack of consumer demand.

BBC: Japan's economic puzzle

In this post-financial crisis world, the Fed has taken a Keynesian edict and turned it on its head: instead of the government stepping in after a crisis to make up for the loss of aggregate demand from the private sector, it has fallen to central banks.

FORBES: 2013 Is Bernanke's Year: Unlimited QE And Total Control Of The Fed