The optimal control policy of machine service rate and preventive maintenance rate is derived from Markovian optimal decision process formulation.

我们运用马尔可夫最优决策过程归纳方法，导出机器服务率和预防维护率的最优控制策略。

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Their hope, of course, is that they can attract price-sensitive, low-maintenance users disgusted with the rate increases from the national players.

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About two-thirds of its sales are attributable to multiyear maintenance, repair and operations contracts, with an average annual retention rate for these contracts since 2000 running at 95%.

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Ownership costs were tallied over five years, consisting of sales tax (a national average of 4.9%), depreciation, fuel costs, interest (a five-year loan with a 15% down payment and an average interest rate of 6.8%), insurance, maintenance and repairs.

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