This paper introduces the requirement phase, design phase, programming phase, test phase and maintenance phase of software engineering, and analyses some problems in them.
简要介绍了软件工程中的需求阶段、设计阶段、编程阶段、检验和测试阶段、维护阶段，并对其中的一些问题作了探讨。
Network operation and maintenance: It reports and analyses the operation and maintenance of the operators' networks.
网络运维：报道与分析运营商的网络运营与维护的情况。
Analyses the risks and costs of functional performance due to failure of maintenance.
分析由于维护不当引起的功能损失的风险和成本。
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