Electric synapses are found mainly in invertebrates and lower vertebrates; they transmit messages faster than chemical synapses.

生物电性突触多见于无脊椎动物或低等脊椎动物，其传递讯息快于化学性突触。

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Although extremely rare in vertebrates, parthenogenesis (out of the Greek for "virgin birth") occurs in a number of lower animals.

BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Captive shark had 'virgin birth'