And it was suggested to take our superiority in relatively lower labor cost and abound resources to exploit the cast pipe market abroad.

建议发挥我国劳动力成本低和资源丰富的优势，开拓国外市场。

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That has led some manufacturers, following the same logic that brought them to China in the first place, to move towards still-lower labor cost countries, like Bangladesh and Laos.

这导致一些制造商开始向劳动力成本依然保持在较低水平的国家迁移，比如孟加拉国和老挝等，其遵循的逻辑和他们当初进入中国时别无二致。

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Let's say the project was estimated based on the labor of senior engineers (i.e., expensive), but the work is actually being performed by more junior-level engineers (i.e., at a lower cost).

让我们假设工程以高级工程师的劳动成本来评估(也就是高成本)，但是实际上工作是由更多初级工程师来执行的(也就是低成本)。

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The principles of substitution states when a several similar or commensurate commodities, goods or services are available, the one with the lowest price will attract the greatest demand and wide distribution which is why many US companies move their manufacturing overseas, lower labor cost.

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Ironically, to counteract this, the Big Three automakers have increasingly moved production from the U.S. to lower-labor-cost countries like Mexico.

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For example, Folbre notes that men constitute more than 71% of the workforce in manufacturing (which was hit hard in the recession, and also hit with outsourcing to lower cost labor countries, increased automation, and increased foreign trade) and they make up less than 25% of the workers in health and education services (where jobs have risen slowly, but steadily).

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