They consist of nothing more than a commented list of commands with no branches or loops.

它们只包含一个经过注释的命令列表，没有任何分支和循环。

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A standard optimization is loop unrolling; the compiler will unroll the loops to reduce the number of branches.

标准的优化是循环展开；编译器将展开循环，以减少分支的数量。

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Many case studies have shown that the defects are more easily introduced into complex areas, such as those with many branches or loops.

许多案例研究表明缺陷容易出现在复杂的区域，比如具有许多分支或循环的区域。

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