Aimed at particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm being easily trapped into local minima value in multimodal function, a rotating surface transformation (RST) method was proposed.

针对粒子群优化算法(PSO)应用于多极值点函数易陷入局部极小值，提出旋转曲面变换(RST)方法。

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The authors pointed out that the surface cooling or local hypothermia of kidney might be necessary in patients having renal function impairment during operation.

作者指出，体表降温或肾局部低温对有肾功不全的病人是需要的。

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Instead of traditional background prediction, this method detects infrared small and dim target by judging whether the local grey level surface possesses the two dimension Gauss function feature.

该方法通过判断图像局部灰度包络曲面是否具备二维高斯函数曲面特征实现红外弱小目标检测，不需要进行传统的背景预测。

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