Based on the risk characteristics faced by open-end funds, this paper studied the no-load and load funds' optimal holding scale of risky assets, and developed the relevant models.

基于开放式基金面临的风险特征，分别对无负载基金和负载基金风险资产最佳持有规模问题进行了研究，并建立了相应的模型。

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These fund companies almost always have higher fees and worse net performance than no-load funds.

FORBES: An End to 401(k)s (February 1, 2002)

This effectively precludes front-end load funds unless the initial investment is large enough to eliminate the load.

FORBES: Put Intermediate Muni Funds In Your Portfolio's Rotation

They were shoveling cash into retirement accounts, but weren't happy with the load funds recommended by their broker.

FORBES: Eight Steps to Salvation