四是联系效应( linkage effects) , 跨国公司与当地供应商有后向联系 (backward linkage) , 与销售商有前向联系 (forward linkage) 。
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industry linkage effects 产业关联效应
As a main source for bettering national employment and income, it will play an important role for the growth of national income via the linkage effects.
食品加工业是我国就业和收入的一个重要来源，通过关联效应它将对我国国民经济增长起到重要作用。
参考来源 - 中国食品加工业增长研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
As a main source for bettering national employment and income, it will play an important role for the growth of national income via the linkage effects.
食品加工业是我国就业和收入的一个重要来源，通过关联效应它将对我国国民经济增长起到重要作用。
The results show that the role of backward linkages of tourism in Yunnan Province are stronger than the forward linkage effects, and the internal correlation is not obvious;
研究结果表明，云南省旅游业后向关联作用明显强于前向关联作用，且内部关联作用不明显；
Considering this discrepancy in the effects of side groups on gas permeation, a hypothesis is proposed for the mechanism of gas molecule's transport in polymer linkage.
对于侧基的异常透气性影响，提出了气体分子透过高分子链节新的机理假设。
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