abstract:Linear dichroism (LD) is a spectroscopic technique that is primarily used to study the functionality and structure of molecules. LD can be defined as the difference between absorption of light polarized parallel and polarized perpendicular to an orientation axis.
Lineardichroism (LD) spectroscopyisan importanttechniquein the studyof the orientationand organization of pigments in the photosyntheticmembrane complexes in vivo and in vitro .