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Mister Kao discovered how to transmit,or send,light signals over long distances through optical glass fibers.

VOA: special.2009.12.08

He learned to get light to go far enough down a glass fiber to pass on signals.

VOA: special.2009.12.08

One company might own the fiber-optic cables, while another operates the light signals pulsing over that fiber, and a third owns (or more likely rents) the bandwidth encoded in that light.

WSJ: A Dive Into the Digital Deep

The computer maker managed to simultaneously transmit 55 wavelengths and came up with a way of amplifying the light signals every 50 kilometers, since light pulses degrade over long stretches and must be strengthened.

CNN: THE INTERNET

The artificial retina is composed by neuronal photoreceptors, called cones and rods, which capture light signals and transform them in electrical signals, transferring them to the retinal ganglion cells and, through the optic nerve, to the brain.

FORBES: Artificial Retina From A Photovoltaic Polymer