The "stauroscope", an optical instrument for studying the crystal structure of minerals under polarized light, is also no longer used.

一种用来研究偏振光下矿物的晶体结构的光学仪器，也不再被使用。

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The dry land of the continents consists mostly of granite and other light silicate minerals, while the ocean floors are made up mostly of a dark, dense volcanic rock called basalt.

陆地地壳主要由花岗岩和其它轻质硅酸盐矿物构成，而海底则主要由黑色的高密度火山岩——玄武岩构成。

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Under UV light, clean sand appears purple or black. Some minerals, such as calcium carbonate in seashells, glow blue, as does a shovel handle in the picture above.

紫外线照射下，干净的沙子呈紫色或黑色。有些矿物，如海贝中的碳酸钙，会闪着蓝光，就如同上图中的铁锹的把手。

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When the asbestos is seen in light near that wavelength, the minerals look darker than those around them.

VOA: special.2009.11.17

Many minerals in the asbestos family can absorb light with a wavelength measuring two-point three micrometers.

VOA: special.2009.11.17

It could vaporize a rock and identify its minerals from the spectrum of light they emitted, or drill a sample and tease apart its chemical constituents.

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Just look at the Minerals Management Service (MMS) in light of the Deep Water Horizon oil spill as an example of how not to run a regulatory agency.

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