When a light particle,or photon, hits an electron, the electron jumps to a higher energy state.

VOA: special.2010.09.01

No, OK and that's correct, because each photon of light actually has more energy than is needed to eject an electron.

没有，好，对了，因为每一个光子实际上,都有更多的能量去逐出一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And instead of having the electron giving off energy as a photon, instead now the electron is going to take in energy from light and move up to that higher level.

与电子以光子形式施放能量不同,我们现在要从光中,获得能量到一个更高的能级。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The advance provides evidence to support a controversial idea, called multiple-exciton generation (MEG), which theorizes that it is possible for an electron that has absorbed light energy, called an exciton, to transfer that energy to more than one electron, resulting in more electricity from the same amount of absorbed light.

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Has the charge of the electron or the speed of light altered over time, or has some combination of effects occurred?

ECONOMIST: Fundamental physics

In addition, since a single electron travelling through the device emits light not once (as in most other lasers), but many times, quantum cascade lasers are powerful: Dr Capasso's group has recently shown that they beat conventional semiconductor lasers by a factor of 20.

ECONOMIST: Lasers