Life expectancy rates climbed, because doctors and scientists developed effective ways to prevent or treat diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid,diphtheria,and influenza.

VOA: special.2010.12.02

Dr.Priego says so far the combination has been effective in prolonging life for patients with pancratic cancer.

VOA: standard.2010.01.12

But it has yet to create the right combination of institutions that will make this growth sustainable, allowing its citizens to enjoy the quantity of life provided by an efficient and effective market system, and the quality of life assured by a fair, efficient, and effective government.

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The trade-off was that, unlike old-fashioned whole life, the effective premiums for the universal policy death benefit rise as the policyholder ages.

FORBES: Retirement Disaster Looms For Universal Life Policyholders

The problem with prepayments is not that they shorten the effective life of the pool but that they give homeowners an option on whether to repay.

FORBES: Magazine Article