At one level, this means things such as synchronous and asynchronous communications, routing, transformation, high speed distribution of data, and gateways and protocol converters.

在一个层次上，这意味着数据的同步和异步通信、路由、转换和高速分布、以及网关和协议转换器等等。

youdao

With application and circuit gateways, all packets are addressed to a user-level application on a gateway that relays packets between two points.

用应用软件与线路入口时，所有的包都按 地址送给入口上的用户 级应用程序，入口在两点间转送这些包。

youdao

So much so that the extra cost of the gateways that will be needed between the two telecommunications worlds do not bring the costs up to the same level as the costs for switched circuit telephone networks.

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