...滞后值作为它们自己的工具变量,表2分别列出了动态面板GMM估计中差分方程(difference equation)和 水平方程 ( level equation )使用的工具及其滞后阶数,并给出了检验残差自相关的AR(1)、AR(2)统计量对应的p值和检验工具联合有效性的萨甘统计量对应的p...
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one-level equation 单能阶方程式
Level Setup Equation 定方程式
multi-level difference equation [数] 多层差分方程
equation one-level 单阶方程式
level set equation levelset方程
level surface equation 水准面方程
level primitive equation 层原始方程
two-level structural equation model 两层结构方程模型
To give this superstructure maximum extensibility and move the reuse equation up one level, however, we must focus on expressing the architecture completely in terms of modeling concepts.
但是,为了赋于这种上层结构最大的灵活性,在更高一层上实现重用,我们必须考虑完全按照建模的概念表达这种体系结构。
A version of an equation explaining a shifting price level is not hard to diagram, although there is some doubt, in higher academic circles, as to whether any such equation is of real value.
人们很容易利用方程序对变化的物价水平进行描述,虽然在高等学术界有人质疑,这样的方程序是否具有实际价值。
So, just to get you used to this idea, I'm going to draw a level surface of a function of three variables OK, so it's a surface given by the equation w of x, y, z equals some constant c.
为了令你们习惯于这个想法,我画一个三变量函数的等值面,这是一个平面,由函数w=c给出的。
That makes sense because we're losing energy, we're going to a level lower level, so we can give off that extra in the form of light. And we can actually write the equation for what we would expect the energy for the light to be.
这很合理,因为我们在损失能量,我们要到一个更低的能级去,我们要以光的形式给出额外的能量,我们可以写下光能量的方程。
So we know that we can relate to z effective to the actual energy level of each of those orbitals, and we can do that using this equation here where it's negative z effective squared r h over n squared, we're going to see that again and again.
我们知道我们可以将有效电荷量与,每个轨道的实际能级联系起来,我们可以使用方程去解它,乘以RH除以n的平方,它等于负的有效电荷量的平方,我们将会一次又一次的看到它。
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