Firstly this paper systematically clarifies the theory of lean production including its basic concept, innovation, characteristics, frame and main content.

首先系统介绍了精益生产方式的理论内容，包括精益生产方式的基本概念、内涵、特征以及主要内容。

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Like Google, Apple has its lean innovation programs fine tuning and improving its internal processes.

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The lean innovation process, the agile approach rather than the controlled approach, is oriented more towards involving users in the evolution of the product.

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That said, there is increasing evidence that an over-reliance on planning, management and measurement in the front-end of innovation as evidenced by the movement of back-end processes such as lean and six sigma to the front end of innovation, are producing poor returns on innovation effort.

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