The lattice defects in the plasma - nitrided layer have been studied by TEM.

用透射电镜研究了稀土催渗离子渗氮层中的晶体缺陷。

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Further, various techniques for the direct observation of lattice defects are compared and discussed.

对于直接观测晶体缺陷的各种实验技术进行了对比和讨论。

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The lattice defects are improving and the lattice structures are tending to stability in the steady period.

在还原稳定期能够不断完善晶粒的晶格缺陷，使晶格结构趋于稳定。

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This weakness is caused by defects forming in their crystal-lattice structure, which in turn are caused by high-energy particles such as neutrons bumping into individual atoms and knocking them out of place.

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It could be defects due to missing atoms, thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice, or even the boundaries between small, imperfectly formed crystals that make up the material.

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