Zheng Guanying was an important representative figure in later Qing Dynasty. His defense frontier ideology is not only an important part of his political ideology, but also the reflection of defense frontier ideology of upper class in later Qing Dynasty.
郑观应是清末洋务运动重要代表人物,他的边防思想是其政治思想的重要组成部分,也是晚清社会上层阶级边防思想的反映,并对清季乃至民国时期的边防产生了积极影响。
参考来源 - 郑观应边防思想述论The introduction of Modem Science Fiction and the characteristic of the social in the later Qing Dynasty are important factor of the Chinese modem Science Fiction’s appearance.
西方现代科幻的传入，晚清中国社会的特点，是影响中国现代科幻兴起的重要因素。
参考来源 - 穿越科学的“魔障”：论中国科幻小说之发展变革·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Tang Chien was a famous Neo-Confucianist in later Qing Dynasty.
唐鉴是清代后期著名的理学家。
Li Zhi was a well-Known thinker, educator and man of letters in the Later Qing Dynasty.
李贽是明代后期 名 震朝野的异端思想家、著 名文学家和教育家。
The development of the academy in later Qing Dynasty reflected this historical rationality.
晚清书院的嬗变即充分展现了这一历史理性。
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