Previously, apps started from scratch whenever you clicked their icons. Now, for better or for worse, some apps resume from their last active state.

以前的应用在点击图标的时候会从头启动，现在，有些应用会记住上次的使用状态。

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In the absence of any migration tool at all, a last resort is to develop home-grown migration scripts, either from scratch or based on any existing source available.

如果任何移植工具都不具备，我们就只能求助于开发自行生成的移植脚本，或者是从零开始，或者是基于某种已经存在的源。

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By last year we were ready for the final push: re-crawling all the generated knowledge representations and restarting the system from near scratch.

在去年我们就准备好最后一击：重新爬行(索引)过所有已生成的知识形式并且重新启动系统。

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Scratch So, we looked last week at Scratch, very briefly, but hopefully you found if you've dived in already that the interface is fairly intuitive and it really just allows you to implement ideas that you conjure up in your mind.

我们上周非常简略地提到了，不过我希望你们热切的投入了进去了,那个界面是相当直观的,相信我，这真的可以让你实现你,大脑中的构想。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

So the translation here is that whereas last week and in Scratch, the looping structures are yellow and have kind of this brace structure to them.

同理，大家回想一下上个星期,在Scratch软件中，循环结构都用黄色标记出来了,与此类似。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

> So this was a Scratch project submitted by one of last year's students.

>，这是由去年一个学生完成的,一个Scratch项目。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

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