Dynamical linear model includes state space model and system equation on the basis of stochastic chain ladder.

动态线性模型在随机链梯法的基础上构建了状态方程和测量方程。

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Ladder anadiplosis is a non-basic format, while chain anadiplosis is the special form of the basic format.

梯式回环是一种非基本格式，链式回环是基本格式的一种特殊形态。

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Chain ladder method has been widely used in loss reserving, it is very simple, and many insurers prefer the method.

链梯法是广泛应用于提取未决赔款准备金的一种方法，这种方法由于原理简单、操作简便而受到了保险公司的青睐。

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It shows that Singapore is moving up the value-chain ladder and is staying plugged into the global electronics grid.

CNN: ASIANOW - Asiaweek | Business | Short Circuits

His fellow party member Aled Roberts AM stressed the importance of first time buyers in the property chain as he said that there is "no point hoping people will climb the property ladder if the bottom rung is missing".

BBC: Liberal Democrats debate

PeopleSoft worked its way up the ladder--always thrilling customers at each rung--and now sells mission-critical supply-chain software.

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