On the aspect of labor demand, this paper focuses on the substitution effects of capital and technology and the income effects.

劳动力需求方面，重点分析了资本和技术的替代作用以及收入水平对劳动力需求的影响。

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The malign effects exist because there's a gap between the demand for and the supply of unskilled labor and that gap cannot be filled legally under existing immigration laws.

FORBES: Migranomics Instead of Walls