These principles in elude heat transfer and recalescence, thermodynamics of metastable and non-equilibrium solidification, growth kinetics and solute redistribution.

这些原则包括：传热及温度回升，亚稳及非平衡凝固热力学，生长动力学及溶质分布。

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Biochemical processes, thermodynamics, and kinetics are used in the application of engineering principles to analyze, design, and develop processes using biocatalysts.

应用生化过程、热力学和动力学等的工程学原理，用以分析、设计并改进利用生物催化剂的生产过程。

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This article reviews geochemical kinetics of oxygen isotope exchange during fluid rock interactions, whose principles and models can also be extended to studies on other elements.

对流体-岩石相互作用过程中氧同位素变化的地球化学动力学进行了系统评述，其原理和模型也可扩展到对其他元素的研究。

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