abstract:The keffiyeh/kufiya (,, originally from the city of Kufa (), plural ,), also known as a ghutrah () or shemagh (), and also known by some as (), mashadah (), or in Persian chafiye (), and in Kurdish cemedanî ( جه مه داني), is a traditional Middle Eastern headdress fashioned from a square, usually cotton, scarf. It is typically worn by Arab men, as well as some Kurds.