Unfortunately, the result has not been competition to beat down prices and boost speeds, but cosy duopolies that keep bandwidth scarce and carve the market up between incumbents.

不幸的是，这样的竞争结果不是降低价格，提升网速，而是成了狼狈为奸的两强垄断，这使得带宽非常有限，现有市场分崩离析。

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It is the key for the tourism enterprises to obtain the competitive advantage to keep the good long-term relationship between the organization and customers in the service competition.

如何在服务竞争中使组织保持与顾客良好的长期关系，是旅游企业获取竞争优势的关键。

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If only a few firms compete in a given product market, if the market is difficult to enter and if all leading firms adopt selective distribution, then competition between brands will not keep prices down and consumers will suffer.

ECONOMIST: Vertical restraints: Selective selling | The

This was partly due to patients wanting to maximise their chances of a quick pregnancy to keep costs down, and partly due to competition between doctors, keen to gain a reputation for good results.

BBC: Extra embryo 'risks baby health'