Melissa Kamins, who worked with Dr. Dweck, discovered that children who primarily receive personal praise ("how smart you are") rather than kudos for their efforts are more likely to develop fixed views of intelligence.
Asked to respond to Livingston's announcement that he would run against Gingrich, Kamins said that "without criticizing Mr. Livingston, Mr. Gingrich's character is such that he would have been supportive" of Livingston if the situations had been reversed and Livingston had been under fire following Republican losses in the mid-term election.