The artificial gene units are created by joining fragments of DNA from viruses, bacteria, plants and animals.

这些人造的基因单位通过连接病毒、细菌、植物与动物的基因片段创造。

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The defining characteristic of a rope is that it does away with this restriction, instead allowing fragments of the rope to reside noncontiguously and joining them using concatenation nodes.

rope 的关键特点就是它突破了这个限制，允许一个 rope 的各个片断离散地存放，并通过 连接节点（concatenation node）连接它们。

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