Despite its theoretical appeal, preemption as an IW strategy represents a double-edged sword.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center for Security Policy | Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace or Emerging Threat? | Page: 14

Since the concept of IW emerged in the mid-1990s as a topic of heated debate, its definition remains in a state of continual flux.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: What is IW?

Microsoft sent seven lawyers to argue against just two from IW. A complication was that IW had to retain a good working relationship with Microsoft because of the co-operation it needed as a developer using Microsoft's DirectX product.

BBC: News | The Company File | Lemon Dog v Microsoft