Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.

信用证意指一项约定，无论其如何命名或描述，该约定不可撤销并因此构成开证行对于相符提示予以兑付的确定承诺。

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Born into humble circumstances in Scotland, this onetime bank clerk and schoolteacher had the amazing knowledge, perspicacity and stick-to-itiveness to organize the undertaking and push it on an irrevocable course to completion.

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