According to IPEA, extreme poverty halved between 2003 and 2008.

依据IPEA的数字，从2003至2008年，极度贫困(家庭)的数字减了一半。

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The remaining firms have "serious problems of productivity and invest very little", says joao Alberto De Negri of IPEA.

IPEA的joao Alberto De Negri说，剩下的公司都存在生产力的严重问题，同时规模也太小。

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Rafael osorio of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) thinks rural poverty rates may well be lower than 12%.

巴西应用经济协会的拉斐尔认为农村贫困率很可能降低了12%。

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The IPEA believes up to 10 of them will not be ready in 2014.

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According to IPEA, a government-linked research outfit, the BNDES's subsidised interest rates cost taxpayers up to 21 billion reais a year.

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IPEA's warnings did not go down well with the government.

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