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It is likely that the genes involved, which include genes that encode neuronal ion channels, have been subject to a positive selection pressure leading to an accelerated evolution of genetic changes.

与之其进化相关的基因，包括编码的神经离子通道的基因，可能受到了积极的选择压力，从而加速了基因变化的转变。

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And, we're going to look at what happens as the chloride ion moves from infinity in towards the positive ion.

然后我们要看一下,当氯离子从无限远处逐渐靠近,这个正离子会发生什么。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.

因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If instead we had a positive ion, a cation, what we would have to do is subtract 1.

如果我们有一个带正电的离子，一个正离子，那我们就需要再减去一个。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选