Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidise a fuel, such as hydrogen, turning it into a positively charged ion and a negative electron.

传统的燃料电池使用催化材料来氧化燃料，比如氢气，使之转变为一个带正电的离子与一个电子。

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Seen here on June 13th from southern New Mexico, this Comet McNaught's long ion tail sweeps across the telescopic field of view (a negative image is inset).

这是6月13日新墨西哥南部所见，麦克·诺特的长离子尾扫过望远镜的视野，插图是负片。

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The first commercial lithium-ion battery, launched by Sony in 1991, was a rocking-chair design that used cobalt oxide for the positive electrode, and graphite (carbon) for the negative one.

1991年， Sony 发布了第一款商用锂离子电池，它采用的就是摇椅式设计，其中用钴氧化物做正极，石墨（ 碳 ）做负极。

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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.

我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选