Arnsten said that the aging prefrontal cortex appears to accumulate excessive levels of a signaling molecule called cAMP, which can open ion channels and weaken prefrontal neuronal firing.

Arnsten认为，衰老的前额叶皮层中积累了过多的信号化学分子，称为环腺苷酸(Camp)，它能打开离子通道，从而削弱前额叶皮层中神经元放电的频率。

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An ion channel is a molecule that allows the passage of electrically charged atoms of sodium, potassium, calcium and so on through the outer membrane of a cell.

离子通道是一种分子，它允许钠、钾、钙等离子经由它通过细胞外膜。

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So, let's try another example here, and let's try a case now where instead of dealing with a neutral molecule we have an ion, so we have c n minus.

那么，让我们来试一下另外一个例子，这次不是一个中性原子,而是一个离子，氰离子。

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So, let's try another example here, and let's try a case now where instead of dealing with a neutral molecule we have an ion, so we have c n minus.

那么，让我们来试一下另外一个例子，这次不是一个中性原子,而是一个离子，氰离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

now we're dealing with a lot of different atoms in the molecule, much more complicated than the initial case of the cyanide ion where we only had two.

现在我们要面对的分子中有很多不同的原子，比我们一开始只有两个,原子的氰离子复杂多了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

In the presence of this ligand, this molecule, it's open, it allows transport of this ion, when the ligand is gone it doesn't.

配体存在的情况下通道才打开,允许这些离子穿过,配体离开后,这些离子就不能通过了

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The electron soon attaches itself to another molecule, making a negatively charged ion.

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If you zap purified water with electric current, you can split apart a water molecule into a positively charged hydrogen ion and a negatively charged hydroxide ion (oxygen attached to hydrogen).

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His team is working on many next-generation technologies that could render Ion Torrent obsolete, including one that will read a single DNA molecule.

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