Historical data of taxpayer records made available by the United States Internal Revenue Service and publicly available at www.howmoneywalks.com offer a long-term look at why upstate New York deserves real tax breaks rather than more excuses.
The Internal Revenue Service has a calculator (go to www.irs.gov and search for "withholding calculator") that can help you figure out if you need to adjust your withholding.
He suggests starting with Internal Revenue Service Publication 17, the 2011 tax guide for individuals (available at www.irs.gov ), and the instructions to Form 1040.