These countries are uncompetitive exporters of labour-intensive goods and services, given the low costs and established positions of Asian producers.

鉴于亚洲生产商的低成本和成熟的市场地位，这些国家无法成为有竞争力的劳动密集型产品及服务的出口国。

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But Chongqing doesn't want to wait for that long. Although keeping its status as an industrial center, Chongqing is now steering away from energy-intensive cement producers, for instance.

但是重庆不想等那么久，尽管作为工业中心，重庆现在转离能源密集型的产业，例如水泥生产。

youdao

In other words, cap and trade would be a boon for carbon-intensive electricity producers--at least those located in unregulated electricity markets--because they raise rates to reflect the market value of those allowances.

FORBES: The Climate Change Trap

American steel is really two industries: a group of low-cost, non-unionised mini-mills and an array of unionised, capital- and labour-intensive integrated steel producers.

ECONOMIST: Why protecting American steel is such a rotten idea

But in a consultation paper published alongside the Bill, Mr Davey said energy-intensive industries, such as steel and cement producers, would be exempt from additional costs arising from measures to encourage investment in new low-carbon production.

BBC: Energy Bill to create 'low carbon economy', says Davey