The better to winkle out the communists, Suharto set up two intelligence agencies. This affection for spying also dated from army days. His principal lesson from military service, though, was that insubordination was not to be tolerated. Press censorship was introduced as soon as he came to power, and was steadily tightened. “Insulting the president” became a crime punishable with several years in jail. Riots were bloodily put down. No places suffered more than distant, rebellious provinces: East Timor, where an Indonesian invasion to squash the left-wing Fretilin cost 200,000 lives, and Aceh, where unrest from the mid-1970s onwards led to hundreds of killings and disappearances.

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