The study also points to the need for additional training for doctors to address deficiencies in initial and follow-on diagnoses.

FORBES: Study: Missed Diagnoses in the Doctor's Office are Leading to Thousands of Deaths

Those who had been primed to feel guilty and who were subjected to the ice bucket showed initial and follow-up guilt scores averaging 2.5 and 1.1 respectively.

ECONOMIST: Religion got it right: pain seems to assuage guilt

Liverpool, however, are now expected to follow up their initial interest with a firm offer to link Ziege with two fellow German internationals at Anfield next season.

BBC: Ziege in Liverpool's sights