There will be shielding charges in the penetration layer with a exponential distribution. The shielding charge has opposite sign and equal amount to the surface induced charge caused by moving.
在穿透层内有一指数衰减的屏蔽电荷分布，其符号与超导体表面由运动感生的电荷相反、数量相等。
Both calcium and phosphorus on the surface layer induced the precipitation of apatite on titanium.
钛表面的钙和磷都能诱导羟基磷灰石的沉积。
Experiment results show that removing the surface broken crystal layer of the cold drawn rod can prevent heat treatment induced cracks.
实验结果表明，热处理前去掉冷拉棒表面的碎晶层可以防止它在热处理过程中产生裂纹。
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