These results are significant because PAH diol epoxides react readily with DNA, induce mutations, and are considered to be ultimate carcinogens of multiple PAH in cigarette smoke.

这些结果具有重要意义，因为多环芳烃二醇环氧化物极易与DNA反应，进而导致变异，因此被视为香烟烟雾中所含多种多环芳烃中最重要的致癌物质。

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To induce the mutations, Dr Abe bombarded germinating seeds with carbon ions for 30 seconds.

ECONOMIST: Salt-tolerant rice

Koronis CEO Donald Elmer explains that the Koronis drug uses the viral replication process to induce additional mutations in the HIV genome by mismatch base pairing.

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