This paper proposes a robust method to respectively test for the existence of individual effects and time effects in panel data models.

本文提出了一个稳健的方法分别检验面板数据模型中随机个体效应和随机时间效应的存在性。

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When compounds are combined and their effects are more than the sum of their individual effects; the compounds are said to have positive synergy.

当化合物混合在一起后产生的作用比它们各自单独作用累加还要强时，这些化合物即被称为具有积极的增效作用。

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So what I've witnessed in these six years is not only the explosion in big numbers of users and media space, but also these individual effects - including in my life.

过去六年我不但目睹了博客数量的增长，还感受到这种写博客带给个人的价值。

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The individual effects of social media are equally mixed, and many of the negatives are anecdotal.

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The results seem to fit with previous studies into such effects in individual countries.

ECONOMIST: Climate change and crops

Nationally recognized research firm Dalbar recently produced the results of a study on the overall performance effects of individual investor behavior.

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