The author tries to explain the limitation of passive input and the four reasons of pragmatic failures: pragmatic structure of discourse, speech rules, politeness strategy and indirect speech act.
语用失误的原因较多，作者从话语语用结构，说话规则，礼貌原则和间接言语行为四方面解释受试者的语用失误，并进一步分析被动输入在解决这类失误方面的局限性。
By using these constructs for indirect access to internal fields, you can guard against invalid input values.
透过以这些建构来间接存取内部栏位，您可以防范无效的输入值。
Our attention is paid to the implicit burden, and the comparable labor force method and input-output table are employed to measure scissors cross and indirect tax burden respectively.
对农民隐性负担，我们着重讨论利用劳动力可比价格法测算工农业产品剪刀差和利用投入产出表测算流转税转嫁负担。
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