According to Harrington, Pain comes in many forms and sizes including business process efficiency, information management, vendor compatibility, and cardholder convenience.

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In each phase, from planning and assessment to implementation, several factors must be carefully considered, including technical infrastructure, process, application, change management, data management and project management.

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The parliament's chief executive, Paul Grice, rejected a number of the critical conclusions in the report, including those on cost management, responsibility for programming, the process of reporting cost increases to MSPs and the ability of project managers to cap consultants' fees.

BBC: NEWS | UK | Scotland | Watchdog hits out over Holyrood