Edward Wolff of New York University points out that the proportion of American households owning some stocks (including mutual funds and 401k pension plans) went up from 32% in 1983 to 51% in 2001.

纽约大学的Edward Wolff指出，美国家庭拥有股票(包括共同基金和401k养老金计划)的比例从1983年的32%上升到2001年的51%。

youdao

Mutual funds publish information about risk, including the beta, on their fund fact sheets.

各共同基金在各自情况说明书上公布包括贝塔系数在内的一系列有关风险的信息。

youdao

Vanguard, Fidelity and Putnam all have open-end convertible mutual funds, and there are many closed-end funds, including some trading at discounts to their net asset values.

先锋，富达和Putnam Investments都有可转换开放式共同基金的，同时也有许多封闭式基金，包括一些基金在其净资产值以下。

youdao

As a result, it has been a mainstay of institutional portfolios, including mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds, since 2004, when it began its meteoric price 6, 000% price rise that continued well into its peak two months ago.

FORBES: Chewing On The Real Worm Inside Of Apple

BlackRock and other ETF providers also argue that niche funds have a role in saving institutional investors including many mutual funds the trouble of doing intense research into arcane sectors or countries.

WSJ: Fat Years for Narrowly Focused ETFs

The priority for those framing Europe's new financial regulations should be to encourage rather than impede the emergence of new providers of finance, including insurers, mutual funds, specialist lenders or even larger companies in the supply chain.

WSJ: Rock Star Draghi Needs a New Song for Europe