Of course if the activity of the market participants produces external costs or benefits-costs or benefits to nonparticipants, as in the case of pollution, competition will not optimize output.

当然，如果市场参与者的活动带来额外的(不由本人、而由社会所承担的)“外部”成本或效益，譬如污染，那么竞争就无法实现最优化了。

youdao

The author points out that, to take part in global competition, China 's textile industry should implement the strategy of external transaction in its capital operation.

本文认为，我国纺织业要参与全球竞争，实施资本运营的外部交易型战略是大势所趋。

youdao

Faced with the fierce market competition, the enterprises should make analysis and study of the internal and external factors so as to provide basis for decision making in tender bidding.

面对激烈的市场竞争，企业应从内部和外部因素加以分析、研究，为投标提供决策依据。

youdao

Provide regular updates on shifts in the external environment (markets, competition, regulations, etc.) and when things change, explain why you will still win.

FORBES: The Decline of Trust (and What We can Do About It)

Deregulation would help, by making it easier to sell services (such as residential care) to the elderly, by freeing up finance to allow them to make better use of their savings, and by encouraging more competition in the domestic economy so that it can withstand the inevitable shocks to external trade.

ECONOMIST: The future of Japan