In carmaking, for instance, Japan has Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu, Mazda and Subaru. South Korea mainly has Hyundai. As a result, says METI, the market per car company in Japan, with a population 2.5 times that of South Korea, is only two-thirds the size of its neighbour's. Moreover, the slowdown in the global car market since 2008 has left Japan with huge overcapacity.
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Critics of the aviation industry would like to see fuel-efficiency standards for new aircraft of the kind that are forcing rapid change in carmaking.
批评家希望通过研制新型飞机来提高燃料利用效率，正如汽车工业正面临的变革一样。
Many manufacturers in industries like carmaking prefer to build plants overseas, where costs are lower or markets are expanding.
许多制造商，比如汽车行业更的愿意在海外建厂，因为那里成本低廉，市场广阔。
Private-sector productivity has soared in the West over the past quarter-century, even in old industries such as steel and carmaking.
过去二十五年来，西方国家私人部门的生产力突飞猛进，即使像钢铁和汽车制造这样的老旧工业也不例外。
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