按顶板与煤层的位置关系、冒落性能及冒时对回采 工作面的影响分为： （1）直接顶（immediate roof）：直接顶位于 煤层上方的一层或几层性质相近的岩层；通常由具 有一定稳定性且一般随回柱放顶而垮落，由页岩或 砂页岩等岩层组成。
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thickness of immediate roof 直接顶厚度
Immediate roof stability 直接顶稳定性
immediate roof thickness 直接顶厚度
quadrilateral immediate roof 四边形体直接顶
subsidence of immediate roof 顶板下沉量
classification of immediate roof 直接顶分类
The immediate seam roof 立即煤层顶板
Accordingly, the new design method of anchor cable parameters applying to thick soft immediate roof is proposed.
提出了基于厚层软弱直接顶的新的锚索参数设计方法。
The increase in mining height makes the weighting of immediate roof become more violently, which requires that the support strength should increase accordingly.
由于采高加大使基本顶来压更加强烈，支架的支护强度更要加大。
Based on field observations and theoretical analyses, the characteristic of periodic caving of immediate roof and main roof in a room and pillar system was analyzed.
通过理论分析和现场实测，对房柱式采煤的矿压显现规律及其特点进行了探讨。
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