Region duplication forgery, in which a part of a digital image is copied and then pasted to another portion of the same image, is one of the simple and common image forgery techniques.

图像区域复制篡改就是将数字图像中一部分区域进行复制并粘贴到同一幅图像的另外一个区域，是一种简单而又常见的图像篡改技术。

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Several methods have been put forward as domestication, foreignization, duplication, compensation, reconstruction, addition and deletion of culture image.

提出了文化意象归化、异化、复制、补偿、重构、添加、删除等处理方法。

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The Angle spectrum analysis of self-image of double frequency grating is given. The grating duplication and the measurement of lens focus are obtained by Tablot effect of holographic phase grating.

本文给出了双频光栅自成象的角谱分析，并利用位相型的全息双频光栅的太保效应来进行复制光栅和测定透镜焦距等。

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