Barbara Bruns, an economist at the World Bank who has written a book about Brazilian schools, praises the system, created over the past 15 years, of rating schools on how much students learn and how many of them drop out or repeat grades.

ECONOMIST: Education in Brazil

This is a new measurement of how many candidates in a school achieve good GCSE grades in English, maths, two sciences, a language and either history or geography.

BBC: School leavers 'left to fend for themselves'