Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler nights; hotter summers, colder winters.

在大约10万年的时间里，当海水退去，世界各地的气候变得更加极端：白天更暖和，夜晚更凉爽；夏天更热，冬天更冷。

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Fewer animals will die during warmers winters, but greater Numbers will die during hotter summers.

冬天越温暖，动物的死亡量就会越少，但是夏天越热，动物的死亡量就会增加。

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Their insulated fur and lack of sweat glands allow them to survive harsh winters, but those adaptations also make longer, hotter summers very difficult to endure.

它们有保温的皮毛，并且缺乏汗腺，这使它们能够在冬天的严寒中生存，但也使更长、更炎热的夏天变得难以忍受。

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Hotter summers could result in more insects and parasites that prey on the caribou, which could then also reduce the annual caribou harvest by local indigenous peoples.

CNN: The changing face of the Arctic

Melting glaciers, hotter summers and migrations of plants, animals and even deadly microbes have convinced virtually every climate scientist on earth that human activity has indeed started to warm the planet.

CNN: Hot Air In Kyoto

When we see that actually recent summers are on average hotter than earlier summers then we might start to think about trends, not just the variance that comes from more data.

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